Rosalind Franklin - July 25, 1920 - April 16, 1958
The structure of the DNA was discovered in the early months of 1953. Nine years later, three men were jointly awarded a Nobel Prize for this achievement, which has proved to be one of the most consequential in the history of science. James Watson and Francis Crick, who worked at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, England, came up with the famous double-helix structure. The third man honored, Maurice Wilkins, was a scientist in London; although he worked at a rival lab, he did make available to Watson and Crick some of the experimental evidence that helped them clinch their discovery. BUT - the person actually responsible for this evidence was not Wilkins but a colleague of his named Rosalind Franklin, who had died four years before the prize was awarded.
Franklin is best known for her work on the X-ray diffraction images of DNA, which led to the discovery of the DNA double helix. According to Francis Crick, her data and research were key in determining the structure. Franklin's image of X-ray diffraction, confirming the helical structure of DNA, were shown to Watson without her approval or knowledge by Wilkins. This image provided valuable insight into the DNA structure, but Franklin's scientific contributions to the discovery of the double helix are often overlooked. Neither Watson nor Crick ever admitted to Franklin that they had relied crucially on her research; neither so much as mentioned her in his Nobel acceptance speech.
After finishing her portion of the work on DNA, Franklin led pineering work on the tobacco mosaic virus and the polio virus. She died in 1958 at the age of 37 of ovarian cancer.
The Drink
The Good Doctor
1.5 oz Amaro
1.5 oz rye whiskey
6 oz Dr. Pepper
Drinkability: 0
Drunkability: 3
Taxic Diversity: N/A
Accessibility: 3
Priority for Conservation: 0
Comments: "This drink is TERRIBLE! NOOOOOOOO"
From "Forgotten Women" hosted by CZ
NYC chapter of Ladies United for the Preservation of Endangered Cocktails
Monday, February 16, 2015
January, 2015 - Chien-Shiung Wu - Infamous Wisdom
Chien-Shiung Wu
Born in Liu Ho, China, in 1912, Chien-Shiung Wu overturned a law of physics and participated in the development of the atom bomb.
Wu was recruited to Columbia University in the 1940s as part oft he Manhattan Project and conducted research on radiation detection and uranium enrichment. She stayed in the United States after the war and in the mid-1950s, two theoretical physicists, Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen Ning Yang, approached Wu to help disprove the law of parity. The law holds that in quantum mechanics, two physical systems - like atoms - that were mirror images would behave in identical ways.
Wu's experiments using cobalt-60, a radioactive form of the cobalt metal, upended this law, which had been accepted for 30 years. This milestone in physics led to a 1957 Nobel Prize for Yang and Lee - but not for Wu, who was left out despite her critical role.
The Drink
Infamous Wisdom
1 1/2 oz ginger liqueur
1 oz bourbon
1/2 oz fresh squeezed lemon juice
brandied cherry, for garnish
Drinkability: 2
Drunkability: 4
Taxic Diversity: 2
Accessibility: 3
Priority for Conservation: 4
Comments: ginger gives it some heat
From "Forgotten Women" hosted by CZ.
Born in Liu Ho, China, in 1912, Chien-Shiung Wu overturned a law of physics and participated in the development of the atom bomb.
Wu was recruited to Columbia University in the 1940s as part oft he Manhattan Project and conducted research on radiation detection and uranium enrichment. She stayed in the United States after the war and in the mid-1950s, two theoretical physicists, Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen Ning Yang, approached Wu to help disprove the law of parity. The law holds that in quantum mechanics, two physical systems - like atoms - that were mirror images would behave in identical ways.
Wu's experiments using cobalt-60, a radioactive form of the cobalt metal, upended this law, which had been accepted for 30 years. This milestone in physics led to a 1957 Nobel Prize for Yang and Lee - but not for Wu, who was left out despite her critical role.
The Drink
Infamous Wisdom
1 1/2 oz ginger liqueur
1 oz bourbon
1/2 oz fresh squeezed lemon juice
brandied cherry, for garnish
Drinkability: 2
Drunkability: 4
Taxic Diversity: 2
Accessibility: 3
Priority for Conservation: 4
Comments: ginger gives it some heat
From "Forgotten Women" hosted by CZ.
January, 2015 - Emily Roebling - The Big Apple
Emily Roebling - 1803 - 1903
Emily Roebling stepped in as the first woman field engineer and technical leader of the Brooklyn Bridge when her husband, Washington Roebling, became paralyzed and could no longer work without the help of his wife.
Emily became responsible for much of the chief engineer's duties, including day-to-day supervision and project management, relaying the information from her husband to the workers, and carrying out her own studies of technical issues, materials, stress analysis, construction, and calculations.
In 1882, Washington's title of chief engineer was in jeopardy due to his sickness. In order to allow him to retain his title, Emily went to gatherings of engineers and politicians to defend her husband. To the Roeblings' relief, the politicians responded well to Emily's speeches and Washington was permitted to remain Chief Engineer of the Brooklyn Bridge.
With Washington Roebling still Chief Engineer, the Brooklyn Bridge was finally completed in 1883.
The Drink:
The Big Apple
1 lady apple, cut in half lengthwise, or 2 slices of a larger apple
3 oz whiskey
1 oz dry vermouth
2 dashes bitters
1 cup sparkling apple cider
Drinkability: 5
Drunkability: 3/4
Taxic Diversity: 2
Accessibility: 3
Priority for Conservation: 5
Comments: no comments
From "Forgotten Women" hosted by CZ
Emily Roebling stepped in as the first woman field engineer and technical leader of the Brooklyn Bridge when her husband, Washington Roebling, became paralyzed and could no longer work without the help of his wife.
Emily became responsible for much of the chief engineer's duties, including day-to-day supervision and project management, relaying the information from her husband to the workers, and carrying out her own studies of technical issues, materials, stress analysis, construction, and calculations.
In 1882, Washington's title of chief engineer was in jeopardy due to his sickness. In order to allow him to retain his title, Emily went to gatherings of engineers and politicians to defend her husband. To the Roeblings' relief, the politicians responded well to Emily's speeches and Washington was permitted to remain Chief Engineer of the Brooklyn Bridge.
With Washington Roebling still Chief Engineer, the Brooklyn Bridge was finally completed in 1883.
The Drink:
The Big Apple
1 lady apple, cut in half lengthwise, or 2 slices of a larger apple
3 oz whiskey
1 oz dry vermouth
2 dashes bitters
1 cup sparkling apple cider
Drinkability: 5
Drunkability: 3/4
Taxic Diversity: 2
Accessibility: 3
Priority for Conservation: 5
Comments: no comments
From "Forgotten Women" hosted by CZ
January, 2015 - Joan Clarke - The Suffering Bastard
Joan Clarke - June 24, 1917 - September 4, 1996
Joan Clarke's ingenious work as a codebreaker for Britain during WW2 saved countless lives. But while Bletchley Park hero Alan Turing - who was punished by a post-war society where homosexuality was illegal and died at 41 - has been treated more kindly by history, the same cannot yet be said for Clarke. Joan was the only woman to work in the nerve center of the quest to crack German Enigma ciphers. She ultimately rose to deputy head of Hut 8, and would be its longest-serving member.
In 1939, Clarke was recruited into the Government Code and Cypher School (GCCS) by one of her supervisors at Cambridge, where she majored in mathematics - although she was prevented from receiving a full degree, which women were denied until 1948. As was typical for "girls" at Bletchley, (and they were universally referred to as girls, not women) Clarke was initially assigned clerical work. Within a few days, however, her abilities shone through, and an extra table was installed for her in the small room within Hut 8 occupied by Turing and a couple of others.
In order to be paid for her promotions, Clarke needed to be classed as a linguist, as Civil Service bureaucracy had no protocols in place for a senior female cryptanalyst. She would later take great pleasure in filling in forms with the line: "grade: linguist, languages: none."
The navy ciphers decoded by Clarke and her colleagues were much harder to break than other German messages, and largely related to U-boats that were hunting down Allied ships carrying troops and supplies from the US to Europe. Her task was to break these ciphers in real time, one of the most high-pressure jobs at Bletchley. The messages Clarke decoded would result in some military action being taken almost immediately. U-boats would then either be sunk or circumnavigated, saving thousands of lives.
The Drink:
The Suffering Bastard
1 oz bourbon
1 oz gin
1 oz fresh lime juice
dash Angostura bitters
4 oz ginger ale
Drinkability: 3
Drunkability: 3/4
Taxic Diversity: 2
Accessibility: 3
Priority for Conservation: 3/4
Comments: 3/4 splits depending on how much you like ginger ale.
From "Forgotten Women" hosted by CZ
Joan Clarke's ingenious work as a codebreaker for Britain during WW2 saved countless lives. But while Bletchley Park hero Alan Turing - who was punished by a post-war society where homosexuality was illegal and died at 41 - has been treated more kindly by history, the same cannot yet be said for Clarke. Joan was the only woman to work in the nerve center of the quest to crack German Enigma ciphers. She ultimately rose to deputy head of Hut 8, and would be its longest-serving member.
In 1939, Clarke was recruited into the Government Code and Cypher School (GCCS) by one of her supervisors at Cambridge, where she majored in mathematics - although she was prevented from receiving a full degree, which women were denied until 1948. As was typical for "girls" at Bletchley, (and they were universally referred to as girls, not women) Clarke was initially assigned clerical work. Within a few days, however, her abilities shone through, and an extra table was installed for her in the small room within Hut 8 occupied by Turing and a couple of others.
In order to be paid for her promotions, Clarke needed to be classed as a linguist, as Civil Service bureaucracy had no protocols in place for a senior female cryptanalyst. She would later take great pleasure in filling in forms with the line: "grade: linguist, languages: none."
The navy ciphers decoded by Clarke and her colleagues were much harder to break than other German messages, and largely related to U-boats that were hunting down Allied ships carrying troops and supplies from the US to Europe. Her task was to break these ciphers in real time, one of the most high-pressure jobs at Bletchley. The messages Clarke decoded would result in some military action being taken almost immediately. U-boats would then either be sunk or circumnavigated, saving thousands of lives.
The Drink:
The Suffering Bastard
1 oz bourbon
1 oz gin
1 oz fresh lime juice
dash Angostura bitters
4 oz ginger ale
Drinkability: 3
Drunkability: 3/4
Taxic Diversity: 2
Accessibility: 3
Priority for Conservation: 3/4
Comments: 3/4 splits depending on how much you like ginger ale.
From "Forgotten Women" hosted by CZ
January, 2015 - Sybil Ludington - The Patriot
Sybil Ludington - April 5, 1761 - February 26, 1839
Paul Revere wasn't the only colonial hero to take a midnight ride through dangerous territory to warn of the coming British army. Sybil Ludington, the 16-year-old daughter of an American colonel, actually rode twice as far as Paul Revere did in April 1777.
A young patriot from upstate New York, Sybil was tapped for a dangerous midnight mission after the British raided Danbury, Conn. Setting out after dark in freezing late-winter rain, Sybil rode 40 miles, through Carmel, New York on Mahopac, then to Kent Cliffs, to Farmers Mills and back home. She used a stick to prod her horse and knock on doors. She also managed to defend herself against a highwayman along the way. By the time she returned home, soaked with rain and exhausted, most of her father's 400 soldiers had been mobilized and were ready to march.
The men arrived too late to save Danbury, Connecticut. But thatks to Sybil's ride, they arrived at the start of the Battle of Ridgefield and were able to drive General William Tryon, the governor of the colony of New York, and his men all the way to Long Island Sound.
The Drink
The Patriot
1 cup sugar
2 Tbsp whole cloves, crushed
1 3" piece of fresh ginger, peeled and thinly sliced
1 cinnamon stick
3 oz apple cider
1 1/2 oz bourbon
1 tsp. fresh lemon juice
dried apple slice for garnish
Drinkability: 5
Drunkability: 2
Taxic Diversity: 3.5
Accessibility: 3
Priority for Conservation: 5
Comments: "Having to make spicy syrup sounds complicated" - "This is a cold hot toddy"
From "Forgotten Women"hosted by CZ
Paul Revere wasn't the only colonial hero to take a midnight ride through dangerous territory to warn of the coming British army. Sybil Ludington, the 16-year-old daughter of an American colonel, actually rode twice as far as Paul Revere did in April 1777.
A young patriot from upstate New York, Sybil was tapped for a dangerous midnight mission after the British raided Danbury, Conn. Setting out after dark in freezing late-winter rain, Sybil rode 40 miles, through Carmel, New York on Mahopac, then to Kent Cliffs, to Farmers Mills and back home. She used a stick to prod her horse and knock on doors. She also managed to defend herself against a highwayman along the way. By the time she returned home, soaked with rain and exhausted, most of her father's 400 soldiers had been mobilized and were ready to march.
The men arrived too late to save Danbury, Connecticut. But thatks to Sybil's ride, they arrived at the start of the Battle of Ridgefield and were able to drive General William Tryon, the governor of the colony of New York, and his men all the way to Long Island Sound.
The Drink
The Patriot
1 cup sugar
2 Tbsp whole cloves, crushed
1 3" piece of fresh ginger, peeled and thinly sliced
1 cinnamon stick
3 oz apple cider
1 1/2 oz bourbon
1 tsp. fresh lemon juice
dried apple slice for garnish
Drinkability: 5
Drunkability: 2
Taxic Diversity: 3.5
Accessibility: 3
Priority for Conservation: 5
Comments: "Having to make spicy syrup sounds complicated" - "This is a cold hot toddy"
From "Forgotten Women"hosted by CZ
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